In the realm of liquids, a captivating interplay exists between calm motion and the unpredictable forces of turbulence. When a liquid moves smoothly, it exhibits gentle patterns, reminiscent of a drifting river. Molecules glide in an orderly fashion, their interactions subtle. This balanced state is known as equilibrium. But when external inf

Thomson's Plum Pudding model, while groundbreaking for its time, faced several criticisms as scientists gained a deeper understanding of atomic structure. One major restriction was its inability to describe the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. The model predicted that alpha particles would traverse through the plum pudding with minimal